Application of computer technologies for the realization of the Lp estimation method on the example of processing geodetic measurements using the electronic level Leica Sprinter, with the aim of forming the national geospatial data infrastructure

Abstract. Problem. Topographic surveying of territories is the basis for the formation of the national geospatial data infrastructure, with digital topographic maps being created subsequently. Topographic surveying is based on instrumental measurements, which are subject to error. The Lp estimation method is a modern approach to processing geodetic measurements that belongs to the class of robust (stable) estimation methods. It generalises the classical least squares method (L2 estimation) and reduces the influence of rough errors or outliers in the data, which is particularly important when analysing real geodetic measurements. Goal. To increase the accuracy of geodetic measurements, redundant measurements are used; however, gross errors can compromise the accuracy. Such errors can be detected and eliminated using the Lp-estimates method. This study aims to develop specialised geodetic software for processing geodetic measurements using Lp-estimates. This was achieved by creating a computer program in C# using Windows Forms. Methodology. The method for processing geodetic measurements based on Lp-estimates is based on minimising the norm of the measurement residuals (errors) in space. The degree of norm (p) determines the sensitivity of the method to deviations. Results. Approval was granted based on the results of geodetic measurements taken using an electronic Leica Sprinter level during the study of KhNADU dormitory No. 5 settlements. In the programme interface, the parameter p can be changed from 1 to 10. Using a specific example involving rough measurement errors, we demonstrated how adjusting the p parameter can combine the accuracy of the LNS with the L1 method's ability to withstand gross outliers.. Originality. The article presents this program's algorithm, interface and partial code. Practical value. As part of the development of a national geospatial data infrastructure, this article presents a method based on Lp-estimates for processing geodetic measurements. This method was implemented using a computer approach involving successive iterations. A computer program in C# was created using Windows Forms.