Study of the behavior of a long-dimension tower crane load in the event of a break in one of the branches of a double-rope sling

Abstract. Problem. Ensuring the safe operation of tower cranes and preventing emergency situations remains a critical issue in construction and industrial applications. Despite the implementation of mandatory safety measures regulated by relevant standards, the breakage of one branch of a double-rope sling can still occur due to dynamic loads during crane operation or human errors, such as incorrect load securing by a slinger or inattention by the crane operator. Additionally, hidden internal defects or unnoticed structural damage in the sling pose further risks. The main challenge is the occurrence of chaotic oscillations of the load, which negatively affect the stability of the crane and overall work safety. Goal. The objective of this study is to analyze the dynamic behavior of a tower crane load in the event of a sling breakage and to develop a mathematical model that accurately describes load oscillations under these conditions. Methodology. A method based on dynamic modeling using differential-algebraic equations is applied to simulate the breakage modes of cable systems. This approach enables a more precise representation of the load behavior when a sling branch fails. Results. The study demonstrates that the proposed method significantly enhances the accuracy of the mathematical model of a triple mathematical pendulum, making it closely resemble the real oscillations of the load during a sling breakage. The approach exhibits high sensitivity to changes in load behavior and ensures a rapid response to a rope failure. Originality. This research introduces a refined dynamic modeling technique for analyzing the effects of a sling breakage on a tower crane load. The developed model effectively captures the complexity of load oscillations, offering an improved understanding of crane operation under emergency conditions. Practical value. The results of this study can be utilized in the development and operational procedures of tower cranes to enhance safety. The proposed method provides accurate data on load behavior and enables timely detection of a rope break, making it a highly effective and reliable tool for improving work safety compared to existing approaches.