Advances in Clinical Applications of Skeletal Muscle Ultrasound

超声检查拥有经济性、操作便捷及设备便携性、无创性、无需患者特殊配合、无电离辐射风险等优势。超声成像为骨骼肌形态学评估提供了帮助，其测量的参数(包括肌肉厚度、横截面积和肌纤维长度)与肌肉功能表现密切相关。近年来，随着肌肉病理生理学变化的临床意义日益凸显，以及随着超声成像技术的快速发展，骨骼肌超声在临床应用中日渐受到广泛关注。其检测参数已应用于疾病进展评估、预后判断、围手术期患者状态监测，甚至可辅助重症监护(ICU)及麻醉医师优化气管拔管决策，从而降低相关不良事件的发生。本文系统综述了骨骼肌超声在临床中的应用。Ultrasonography offers multiple advantages, including cost-effectiveness, operational convenience, portability, non-invasiveness, no requirement for special patient preparation, and absence of ionizing radiation risks. Ultrasound imaging aids in the assessment of skeletal muscle morphology, and the parameters it measures (including muscle thickness, cross-sectional area, and muscle fiber length) are closely related to muscle function performance. In recent years, as the clinical significance of muscle pathophysiological changes has become increasingly evident and with the rapid development of ultrasound imaging technology, skeletal muscle ultrasound has garnered growing attention in clinical applications. Its measurement parameters have been applied to disease progression assessment, prognosis evaluation, perioperative patient status monitoring, and can even assist Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and anesthesiologists in optimizing tracheal extubation decisions, thereby reducing the incidence of related adverse events. This article provides a systematic review of the clinical applications of skeletal muscle ultrasound.