THE IMPACT OF NUTRITION ON BRAIN HEALTH: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF DIET, COGNITION, AND MENTAL WELL-BEING

Recent studies indicate that nutrition improves brain health and cognitive ability, underscoring the intricate link between neurological and dietary functions. This review examines nutrition, development, cognition, inflammation, signalling networks, and protein equilibrium. The initial subject is to brain development and the roles of omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3FAs), iron, and folate. We emphasise the risks associated with nutritional deficits and excessive consumption. We will subsequently examine the complex interplay between diet, neurotransmitter production, and mental health signalling pathways. Amino acids (AAs), vitamins, and minerals influence mood and cognition by modulating the metabolic pathways of serotonin and dopamine. Subsequently, we examine cognition and memory, emphasising the neuroprotective characteristics of antioxidants, flavonoids, and ω-3FAs. These substances enhance neuroplasticity, the brain’s capacity to adapt and develop, hence increasing learning and cognition. Nutrition is crucial for maintaining protein homeostasis in the brain, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). We investigate how protein imbalances exacerbate these illnesses. We investigate the impact of chronic inflammation on mental health and cognitive performance. These determine whether anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory diets impede or hasten cognitive decline. We conclude with the consequences of nutrient synergy in relation to the Mediterranean and ketogenic diets. We investigate the impact of different diets on mental health and cognitive function. Summarising essential study findings, identifying gaps in knowledge, and outlining dietary recommendations for brain health offers a comprehensive perspective for future research. Keywords: brain development, nutrition, neurotransmitters, neuroinflammation, protein homeostasis