Features of common bean cultivation technology under the organic farming system

Aim. To determine the impact of the complex application of doses and timing of the application of a fertilizer preparation, seed treatment with nitrogen-fixing bacteria BTU p for growing beans on the background of green manure or by-products of the predecessor on the features of the formation of bean productivity elements when grown in the organic farming system and to identify the most effective combination of them for maximum realization of the productivity potential of the agrocenosis in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. Methods. Field, laboratory analytical, computational, statistical. Results. According to the results of studies conducted in 2016-2020, high efficiency of growing beans on the background of the use of by-products of the predecessor (buckwheat straw) as fertilizer was revealed, which allowed to additionally obtain 0.46–0.61 t/ha of grain. Inoculation of seeds with a preparation based on symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, depending on the predecessor, provided an increase in yield at the level of 0.21–0.54 t/ha. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the preparation Humate-gel in combination with its foliar spraying of crops during critical periods of ontogenesis increased the yield by 0.27–0.92 t/ha or by 27.8-94.8% depending on the frequency of treatments. When growing beans on the background of black steam, the height of plants varied from 32.9 cm to 39.7 cm, on the background of green manure – from 34.0 cm to 43.78 cm, on the background of by-products of the predecessor – from 35.1 cm to 43.1 cm. The leaf surface area, depending on the complex effect of the predecessor and the options for using biological preparations, varied from 305 cm2 / plant to 409 cm2/plant, and the dry weight of the plant – from 7.82 g to 10.85 g. Conclusions. The feasibility of the integrated use of the following elements in the technology of growing beans in the organic farming system has been proven, namely: growing the crop against the background of sideral steam and treating the seeds of crops with a preparation of biological origin with stimulating and fertilizing action. The optimal combination of experimental elements in the organic technology of growing beans is sowing the crop against the background of the by-products of the predecessor with seeds treated with the preparation Humate gel (1 l/t) in combination with four-fold foliar treatment of crops (1 l/ha) in the phases of branching, budding, flowering and filling beans. Such a combination of elements in a single technological cycle on average over the years of research provided a plant height of 43.1 cm, a leaf surface area of ​​409 cm2/plant and a dry matter mass of 10.85 g/plant. At the same time, the crop yield was 1.89 t/ha with a production profitability of 241%.