The influence of biological preparations on the yield and quality indicators of potato tubers in the Southern Polissya of Ukraine

Aim. To determine the influence of biological preparations in biologized cultivation technology on the yield, quality and marketability of potato products in the conditions of Polissya of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, measuring-weighing, calculation, statistical. Results. It was found that the lowest values of yield and marketability of tubers were noted in the control variant (1), and the use of biological products led to an increase in the above indicators in all variants of the experiment. The highest values of yield and marketability of tubers in the years of research were noted in variants 6 (Background + manure 40 t/ha + MycoHelp + Rice P) and 7 (Background + manure 40 t/ha + Bactofit + Rice P). The starch content in the tubers, on average over the years of research, was 17.5–17.9%. It should be noted that in the control variants, the starch content in tubers was slightly lower than in the variants where biological products were used against the background of green manure and additional manure application. The use of biological products increased the starch content in tubers by 0.2–0.4%. The most effective was variant 5 (Background + manure 40 t/ha + Phytodoctor + Rice P). Despite the slightly increased starch content in the variants using biological products in combination with background fertilization, in particular, both green manure and additional manure application, the starch yield due to the increase in potato yield was significantly higher. The highest conditional yield of starch per hectare of crops was observed in variants 6 (Background + manure 40 t/ha + MikoHelp + Rice P) and 7 (Background + manure 40 t/ha + Bactofit + Rice P). Conclusions. The use of biological products such as Phytodoctor, Bactofit, MycoHelp, and Rice P has a positive effect on the formation of yield and key quality indicators of potatoes. Treatment with biological products increased the efficiency of cultivation technology, providing an additional increase in yield by 11.4–16.8 t/ha, and marketability by 1.9–2.9%. Biochemical analyzes showed that the starch content in potato tubers was practically independent of the nutritional background and the biological products used. Instead, the use of biological products contributed to a significant increase in the conditional yield of starch per hectare of potato crops. Thus, this indicator, regardless of the experimental variant, increased by 1.8–2.8 t/ha compared to the control variant.