“Green-Synthesized Litchi-Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) Conjugated with Cypermethrin for Targeting Bacterial Blight in Pomegranate”

Introduction: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an economically and nutritionally significant fruit crop, widely cultivated for its medicinal, culinary, and export value. However, bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae (Xap) poses a serious threat to its productivity. Conventional control methods involving chemical bactericides have often failed due to pathogen resistance, environmental concerns, and residue accumulation. In response, this study explores an eco-friendly and efficient nanobiotechnological approach to combat Xap by synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Litchi chinensis seed extract and further conjugating them with the pesticide Cypermethrin (C-AgNPs). Objectives: The study aims to develop a sustainable, nanobiotechnological solution to combat Xap by synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Litchi chinensis seed extract and conjugating them with cypermethrin (C-AgNPs) to enhance antibacterial efficacy. Methods: AgNPs were green-synthesized using litchi seed extract, characterized via UV-Vis, SEM, XRD, and FTIR, and subsequently conjugated with cypermethrin. Antibacterial activity against Xap was evaluated through inhibition assay. Results: The biosynthesis leveraged the rich phytochemical profile of litchi seeds, promoting reduction and stabilization of AgNPs. Characterization confirmed the successful synthesis of stable, crystalline AgNPs and their conjugation with cypermethrin. C-AgNPs exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity against Xap compared to AgNPs or cypermethrin alone. Conclusions: This integrated C-AgNPs formulation offers a biodegradable, biocompatible, and potent alternative to conventional agrochemicals, aligning with sustainable agriculture practices. The findings support the potential of green-synthesized and conjugated nanoparticles in developing next-generation plant protection strategies, reinforcing the critical role of nanobiotechnology in sustainable crop disease management. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.4.9270