FROM RISK TO RESILIENCE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF APPLICATION SYSTEM SECURITY CONTROLS AND RISK MANAGEMENT

This study reviews the evolving challenges in the application of security controls and risk management strategies for application systems, specifically focusing on the transition from risk mitigation to resilience. As organizations increasingly rely on digital systems for critical business operations, the security of these systems becomes paramount. Cyber threats such as ransomware, data breaches, and system vulnerabilities are escalating, impacting financial and operational stability. This paper systematically reviews recent literature (2020-2024) to identify trends, ef ective security controls, and best practices in managing application system risks. The findings suggest that while technologies like multi-factor authentication, encryption, and intrusion detection are vital, many organizations still fail to manage risks ef ectively. The study highlights the importance of resilience, emphasizing proactive risk assessment and system fortification to not only withstand but recover quickly from cyberattacks. Using a systematic review methodology (PRISMA), this paper synthesizes key empirical evidence to of er organizations actionable insights for enhancing application system security and resilience in the face of evolving cyber threats.