Early Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis via Ultrasensitive THz Toroidal Metasensing

The 5‐year survival rate for pancreatic cancer remains below 10%, primarily due to challenges in early diagnosis stemming from the pancreas’ deep anatomical location, nonspecific early symptoms, and limited sensitivity of current diagnostic methods. Conventional serum biomarkers like carbohydrate antigen 125, carbohydrate antigen 199, and carcinoembryonic antigen exhibit minimal expression during early disease stages, rendering standard assays inadequate for trace quantification and prone to high false‐negative rates. This study presents a groundbreaking toroidal terahertz (THz) metasurface biosensor designed to transform biomarker detection. Leveraging gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to amplify THz signals, the platform achieves enhanced sensitivity through antigen‐AuNPs composite probes and optimized surface functionalization that maximizes antibody immobilization while minimizing nonspecific binding. Computational simulations demonstrate a sensitivity of 97.6 GHz/RIU (refractive index unit). Experimental validation reveals distinct frequency shifts for three pancreatic cancer biomarkers within the clinically critical 1–1000 pg mL −1 range, accompanied by linear dose–response relationships. This ultrasensitive biosensor overcomes longstanding barriers in detecting early‐stage pancreatic cancer markers, enabling precise ultra‐low concentration quantification, a transformative advancement for early screening and dynamic treatment monitoring.