Impact of lead concentration on linear and nonlinear optical parameters of amorphous chalcogenide Sn-Ge-Se system

Abstract Some physical properties of Sn 5 Ge 10 Se 85-x Pb x ; ( x = 2.5, 5, 10, 15 17.5 and 20 at. %) chalcogenide glasses, namely average coordination number (CN), deviation of stoichiometry (r), floppy modes (f), cross-linking density (X), average number of constraints (Ncon), lone pair electrons (Lp), overall mean bond energy ( &lt; E˃), and average heat of atomization (Hs), are depicted. The experimental and theoretical values of the optical band gap E op for different contents of Pb were found to be very close to each other. The dispersion properties, such as complex dielectric function $$\widetilde{\varepsilon }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mo>~</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> , optical conductivity $${\sigma }_{op}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>op</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , single oscillator E o , and dispersion energies E d , are investigated. On the other hand, electrical conductivity is studied. Our results are based on the Tauc equation, Wemple and Di-Domenico (WDD) model, Pankove method, Tichy and Ticha relationship, and Miller’s rule. The values of the first-order χ (1) and third-order χ (3) of optical susceptibility and the nonlinear refractive index ( n 2 ) were found to increase with the increase of Pb content, which has a maximum value, hence decreasing thereafter with the increase of the latter.