The Research Progress of Immune Checkpoints CTLA-4, PD-1/PD-L1 and VISTA in Ulcerative Colitis

溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative Colitis, UC)是一种难治性且容易复发的非特异性的炎症性肠病，主要发生于结直肠。目前认为其发病机制复杂且不明确，针对UC的发病机制尚在研究中，临床上治疗效果也欠佳。通过大量阅读文献，并进行总结发现，新型免疫检查点在溃疡性结肠炎领域的研究具有广阔的前景，需要进一步深入探究免疫检查点之间的相互作用机制，以及它们与其他免疫分子和信号通路之间的复杂关系。通过明确免疫检查点的异常调节如何导致炎症反应和组织损伤等一系列病理过程，进一步完善UC发病机制的理论体系，为后续的基础研究奠定坚实基础，为UC的治疗提供了全新的靶点和策略。Ulcerative colitis (UC), a refractory and relapsing non-specific inflammatory bowel disease primarily affecting the colon and rectum, is characterized by complex and incompletely elucidated pathogenesis. Current clinical therapies remain suboptimal. Extensive literature review suggests that novel immune checkpoints hold promising potential in UC research. Further exploration is warranted to delineate the intricate interplay between immune checkpoints themselves, as well as their interactions with other immune molecules and signaling pathways. Clarifying how dysregulated immune checkpoint activity drives pathological processes, including sustained inflammatory responses and tissue damage, will refine the theoretical framework of UC pathogenesis. This advancement may establish a foundation for future mechanistic studies and provide innovative therapeutic targets and strategies for UC management.