CRISPR-Cas9 in Functional Genomics: Implications for Target Validation in Precision Oncology

CRISPR-Cas9 has revolutionized functional genomics by enabling precise genome editing with unprecedented efficiency. This review focuses on the application of CRISPR-based platforms for target discovery and validation in precision oncology. Key topics include the design of genome-wide CRISPR screens, synthetic lethality identification, and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and activation (CRISPRa) methodologies. We highlight current case studies where CRISPR has led to the identification of novel therapeutic targets, discuss technical limitations such as off-target effects, and explore ethical considerations in clinical translation.