Use of OSINT in operational and investigative activities: tools and legal aspects

The article examines the possibilities of applying OSINT (Open-Source Intelligence) in operational and investigative activities and its significance for acquiring, processing, and analyzing information to ensure public and national security. The main methods of collecting open-source data are considered, including using social networks, government registries, mass media, satellite imagery, and specialized OSINT tools. The feasibility of integrating OSINT with other intelligence-gathering disciplines, such as HUMINT, SIGINT, and IMINT, is assessed, as this enhances the reliability of obtained data and expands analytical capabilities. Particular attention is paid to the legal aspects of OSINT use in law enforcement, including the legality of acquiring, storing, and utilizing open-source information during operational and investigative activities. The key challenges related to data accuracy, legal status, and potential risks are analyzed, such as information manipulation and legal restrictions on collecting personal data. The necessity of developing a regulatory framework that would govern the use of OSINT within operational and investigative activities while maintaining a balance between its effectiveness and human rights compliance is emphasized. The article also highlights the importance of implementing technological innovations, particularly data collection and analysis automation through artificial intelligence and blockchain analytics. It concludes that the effective use of OSINT in law enforcement is only possible through a balanced integration of modern technologies, legal regulation, and international cooperation.