Pneumococcal Disease Risk and Vaccination Consensus in Cardiac Conditions: Expert Group Recommendations Based on Modified Delphi Consensus Method

Introduction Individuals with chronic cardiac conditions are at increased risk for developing pneumococcal diseases. In this study, we aim to develop an evidence-based consensus document on the use of pneumococcal vaccines in individuals with cardiac conditions. Methods Modified Delphi consensus methodology was used to establish consensus. A committee of seven cardiologists from India formed the panel. Questions were drafted across three domains: (a) the risk of pneumococcal disease in patients with cardiac conditions, (b) evidence and optimal timing of pneumococcal vaccination, and (c) barriers to vaccination in cardiology settings. The consensus level was categorized into three groups: (a) low (<60%), (b) moderate (60%-79%), and (c) high (≥80%). Results Experts agreed that immunocompetent individuals with cardiac conditions, adults with a medical history of myocardial infarction/coronary artery disease, heart failure, individuals who fall under the coronary artery disease spectrum, older adults (>50 years of age) with chronic hypertension, and adults with chronic hypertension or a history of acute coronary syndrome/myocardial infarction, with multiple comorbidities, can benefit from pneumococcal vaccination. Conclusion This document will guide clinicians on the optimal timing for pneumococcal vaccination in patients with cardiac conditions and highlight specific patient subgroups that can benefit from it.