The Development of Zeolite‐Based Catalysts for CO₂ Hydrogenation to Dimethyl Ether

ABSTRACT The use of fossil fuels significantly contributes to excess CO 2 emissions. Catalytic hydrogenation of CO 2 to dimethyl ether (DME) is an effective method for CO 2 recycling, offering both environmental and economic benefits. Zeolites, known for their efficiency as solid catalysts, are widely utilized in the chemical industries. Bifunctional catalysts based on zeolites have gained attention for their applications in CO 2 hydrogenation to DME. This review discusses key factors affecting the catalytic performance of zeolites, including topologies, Si/Al ratio, crystal size, and the proximity of metallic species to the zeolite catalysts. Although bifunctional catalytic systems enhance the conversion of CO 2 to DME, they also lead to high CO selectivity at elevated temperatures, which can limit both DME yield and selectivity. We present recent advancements in the development of bifunctional catalysts for the direct hydrogenation of CO 2 to DME, providing insights for designing optimized catalysts for tandem reaction systems.