Development of a prototype 3-dimensional (3-D) microphone array system for passive acoustic bird and bat detection

A prototype microphone array system is being developed for passive acoustic detection of birds and bats, with a focus on coastal environments. Drawing on experience with underwater acoustic arrays, this system adapts proven designs for in-air applications, enhancing the potential for ecological monitoring in diverse habitats. The array facilitates tracking of bird and bat movements and measuring vocal activity by employing beamforming techniques to isolate and localize sound sources with enhanced signal-to-noise ratios in noisy environments. The prototype array is designed to test both 1-D and 2-D configurations for beamforming and localization. Testing will address key factors such as power distribution, amplification, ADC synchronization, and dynamic range in both laboratory and outdoor environments. Beamforming techniques will enhance the signal-to-noise ratio, significantly improving the signal clarity and accuracy of sound localization under challenging conditions. The array’s modular design provides flexibility, allowing for iterative improvements and potential scalability for future expansions. This initial system establishes a foundation for demonstrating the feasibility of in-air beamforming and sound localization. Insights gained from these investigations will guide the development of a larger, more robust array, advancing passive acoustic monitoring technologies for studying bird and bat behavior in diverse and demanding environments.