Association of Dietary Intake with Autistic Characteristics among Children in Lahore

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is commonly diagnosed by the age of three. In Pakistan, there is a lack of data regarding the nutritional status of autistic children, who often experience dietary challenges. This study is the first in Pakistan to explore the association between dietary intake—particularly omega-3 fatty acids and protein-rich foods—and behavioral symptoms in autistic children. The objective of the study was to assess the relationship between the intake of omega-3 fatty acids and protein-rich foods (eggs, cheese, milk) with hyperactivity and social interaction, as measured by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), in children with ASD aged 3–11 years. Methodology: A cross-sectional design was employed. Data were collected using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) completed by parents/guardians of 101 children diagnosed with ASD, enrolled at the Global Institute of Autism and the Government Shadab Institute of Special Education, Lahore. The FFQ assessed dietary intake and supplementation of omega-3 and protein-rich foods. Results: Children aged 5–6 years exhibited the highest intake of eggs (12.9%), cheese (9.9%), and milk (15.8%). Frequent consumption of meat, whole wheat chapatti, and rice (≥5 servings/week) was also prevalent. The lowest milk intake (5.0%) was noted among children aged 9–11 years. Conclusion: A notable association was observed between dietary patterns and behavioral symptoms in autistic children. These findings emphasize the potential role of diet in managing ASD-related behaviors and support the development of culturally appropriate nutritional strategies in Pakistan.