Transformation of Employment of the Rural Population in Asian Countries

Nonagricultural employment, which has grown in recent decades throughout the world, is a reflection of structural changes in the economy of rural areas. Based on the example of a number of Asian countries (China, India, and Bangladesh), this article reveals changes in nonagricultural employment. They reflect the transformation of social and labor relations and represent the interconnections and patterns occurring in it. It has been determined that the phenomenon of “Asian deagrarianization” is expressed in high rates of economic growth and urbanization, the intensification of production, a shift away from agricultural labor, an uneven development of regions, and labor migration. It is shown that, under the influence of various factors, the diversification of agricultural production in these countries is reflected, on the one hand, by common features and relationships and, on the other, each country has its own specifics in the transformation of employment of the population. In China, increased urbanization and industrialization have created enormous opportunities to expand the spheres of employment of the rural population and increase productivity in the economy. The employment features of the Indian population characterize production and socioeconomic contradictions, manifested in the low parameters of labor and payment in the informal sector, with significant and rapid economic changes in the country with a focus on knowledge-intensive and capital-intensive technologies. In Bangladesh, there is a complex transformation of households with a focus on both agriculture and alternative sources of income, as well as an expansion of demand for labor from both local and urban employers. Russia incorporates all of the listed characteristics, which determines its uniqueness. As a result of this work, the following conclusions were made: a comprehensive solution to the problems accompanying the transformation of the employment sector is necessary; the positive results of the transformation of labor relations are the welfare and reduction of poverty of the population. These goals require governments to search for the most effective means of economic management and public administration in order to create sustainable development in the interests of nature and the population. The results and conclusions of the work can be useful to scientists, specialists, and politicians studying the problems of rural areas and employment.