Analyzing Prison Misconduct: Gender-Specific Predictors of Rule Violations

Although maintaining institutional order presents a major challenge, most misconduct research relies on samples composed exclusively of men. The present study addresses this gap by relying on a nationally representative survey of incarcerated men and women in the United States ( N = 24,848). In addition to including variables traditionally associated with prison rule-breaking, this study also considered factors particularly relevant to women’s pathways to crime. Almost 60% of our sample reported engaging in misconduct, a higher percentage than has been generally found in prior studies. Gender was associated with rule-breaking, as women had significantly lower odds of engaging in misconduct. While some variables were associated with misconduct for men and women, others had differential effects based on gender. Findings and policy implications for correctional management and treatment, including the need to further develop and support strategies that consider incarcerated men and women’s different needs and circumstances, are discussed.