Internet of Things and LoRaWAN-assisted real-time indoor air quality monitoring and automation system for enhancing passenger safety

Abstract This research presents an Internet of Things and LoRaWAN-based real-time indoor air quality monitoring and automation system that works with a composite environmental sensor module MG811, MIX8410, PMS5003, and SHT35 and an ESP32 LoRaWAN GPRS module. The research methodology incorporates sensor calibration, data acquisition based on LoRaWAN, cloud-supported visualization systems, and automated threshold-oriented actuation mechanisms. The system’s accuracy and efficiency were validated through experimental trials, in which the sensor recorded CO concentration from 301 to 458 ppm, temperature from 26°C to 35°C, and oxygen from 18.1% to 20.7%.