Global governance of education and the challenges of the 21st century: the case of spanish education law

This paper pursues three objectives: (1) to identify which IO’s are the most influential in the current Spanish educational policies; (2) to recognize the challenges identified according to current Spanish legislation (LOMLOE) on education facing Spanish society and its educational system in the 21st century; (3) it also seeks to analyze what model of citizen is aimed to be formed to face the challenges of the 21st. A Documentary Analysis of the Spanish curriculum (0-18 years) has been carried out using MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2024. The results show that the ‘2030 Agenda’ and the competency-based approach guide the educational in Spain action to face the future challenges. At the same time, it reinforces the position of implementing the competency-based approach in the Spanish educational system, as suggested by the European Union’, in order to face the challenges of the 21st century. Moreover, key challenges identified by LOMLOE are misinformation, digital literacy, climate emergency, socioeconomic problems, and well-being. In conclusion, the close relationship between the economy, education and sustainability is evident. In this way, education is positioned as an essential instrument for achieving the global goals set by these organizations.