Fuzzy Inference System for Modeling the Contribution of the Sweep Mechanism in the Coagulation Process for Water Treatment

Coagulation is a critical step in water treatment, with polyaluminum chloride being a commonly used coagulant. Its main mechanisms are charge neutralization and sweep <br /> coagulation. Minimizing sweep coagulation, when appropriate, can reduce chemical use <br /> and improve sludge management. A Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) is an effective tool for <br /> handling uncertainties and is often used for simplified process modeling. In this study, a <br /> FIS was developed to estimate the contribution of the sweep mechanism using zeta potential, insoluble aluminum content, and turbidity removal as inputs. The model used <br /> three input variables and nine rules, aiming for low computational demand. The highest <br /> estimated sweep contribution occurred at pH slightly basic and Al(s) concentration > 2 <br /> mg L⁻1 in a natural low-turbidity water sample. The FIS enabled the integration of frequent measured variables into a single numerical output estimation linked to coagulation <br /> mechanisms, supporting decision-making and enabling opportunities for automation and <br /> cost reduction.