Electrophysiology of Self and Mood Disorder as an Energy Shift: Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Medical Comorbidity, Beyond the Metabolic Syndrome

Depressive and manic episodes of bipolar disorder are characterized by decreased and increased energy. As the duration of the disease increases, psychomotor retardation and anhedonia become dominant. Increased activity in the Default Mode Network and decreased activity in the Salience Network and Central Executive Network have been associated with Glutamate/GABA (Gamma- Aminobutyric Acid) imbalance. Medical comorbidity has an etiological partnership as well as medication burden and lifestyle. According to the entropy change we calculated on EEG (Electroencephalography), we classified mood disorders into three groups. Including family history, which is true comorbidity, was framed by physical illnesses. We showed how the entropy change in chaotic phase transitions in cases diagnosed with bipolar disorder is regulated by lithium. Cross frequency coupling delta/beta appears both as a trait to deal with depressive symptoms and as a state to reveal mixed symptoms. Delta activity is predictive of response to lithium and ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy), and nonresponse to antidepressants. It is a gabaergic dysfunction. Self pathology has been proposed as a mental projection of bipolar disorder. There is a decrease in glutamic acide decarboxilase enzyme activity, which is responsible for GABA production at the molecular level. GABA is a metabolite of Krebs. Also in immune cells. The GABA shunt plays an important role in preventing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cell death. The price for this is disruption in phosphorylation processes, which is reflected in the energy balance. In this article, three planes are tried to be brought together with their projections on each other: Self pathology on the mental plane, mood disorder on the brain plane, medical comorbidity on the body plane.