Botanical Science (Vanaspati Vijñāna) in Manusmṛti

The Manusmṛti, an ancient Indian legal and ethical text, offers remarkable insights into botanical science (Vanaspati Vijñāna) and the integral role of plants in human life. This paper explores the botanical knowledge encapsulated within the Manusmṛti, emphasizing the deep connection between ancient Indian society and nature. It categorizes various plants mentioned in the text, highlighting their significance in daily life, medicine, and rituals, while also stressing the importance of plant conservation. Furthermore, the paper draws parallels between ancient conservation practices and contemporary ecological concerns, illustrating how the wisdom of the past can inform modern approaches to environmental protection.