Vulnerabilities and cybersecurity of Starlink

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of vulnerabilities and cybersecurity problems of the Starlink satellite network, which provides global access to the Internet through a network of low-orbit satellites. The technological aspects of the system’s functioning are considered, including the network architecture, data transmission principles, as well as the interaction between satellites, ground stations and user terminals. The key components of the system that can become objects of potential cyberattacks are outlined, in particular satellites, ground gateways and client terminals. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the main threats, such as signal interception, DDoS attacks, unauthorized access to data, signal jamming and physical failures in the operation of satellites. The possible consequences of such attacks for private users, businesses, military infrastructure and the global communications network are investigated. The current state of Starlink cybersecurity is analysed, including the use of encryption, authentication, secure data transfer protocols, and early threat detection systems. Recommendations are provided for improving cybersecurity, including the implementation of dynamic encryption mechanisms, increasing network resilience to external attacks, improving incident response strategies, and integrating advanced technologies such as quantum cryptography and zero-trust networks. The overall level of system security is assessed, including attack resilience indicators, incident response time, and network availability. Promising directions for reducing risks and ensuring stable operation of the Starlink infrastructure in the face of modern cyber threats are outlined. The level of system security is assessed based on numerical indicators, including resistance to external threats and the ability to recover from attacks.