Association Between Anemia and Pregnancy Complications in Elderly Primigravidae: Insights from Urban Hospitals

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is a common concern, particularly in elderly primigravidae (pregnant women over 35 years). Anemia in this group is associated with various pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm labor. However, limited research has been conducted to assess the full impact of anemia on maternal and neonatal outcomes in elderly primigravidae. Objective: This study aims to assess the association between anemia and pregnancy complications in elderly primigravidae admitted for delivery after 36 weeks of gestation in urban hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chattogram from January 2022 to July 2023. Data were collected from 210 anemic pregnant women over 35 years of age admitted for delivery at or after 36 weeks of gestation. Data were gathered using structured questionnaires and medical records, with a focus on maternal characteristics, anemia severity (classified based on WHO criteria), pregnancy complications, and neonatal outcomes. The severity of anemia was categorized into mild, moderate, and severe. Results: The majority of participants were aged 35-37 years (59.0%), and the majority had mild to moderate anemia. Severe anemia was significantly associated with increased rates of preeclampsia (52.2%), gestational diabetes (34.8%), postpartum hemorrhage (47.8%), intrauterine growth restriction (52.2%), and preterm labor (56.5%). Additionally, severe anemia was associated with higher maternal ICU admissions, blood transfusions, and longer hospital stays. Neonatal outcomes were also poorer in cases of severe anemia, with higher rates of low birth weight and neonatal respiratory distress. Conclusion: Severe anemia in elderly primigravidae significantly contributes to adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Early diagnosis and management of anemia in this population are essential for improving maternal and neonatal health.