ADVANCEMENTS IN CLINICAL ANATOMY: THE ROLE OF 3D IMAGING IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND SURGERY

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies are increasingly transforming clinical anatomy by enhancing anatomical education and surgical planning. This study conducted a comparative cross-sectional analysis involving 120 final-year medical students and 40 surgical patients to assess the impact of 3D visualization tools against traditional methods. Educational outcomes showed that students trained with 3D imaging performed significantly better in theoretical assessments and anatomical localization exercises, with improved spatial understanding and learner engagement. In the surgical cohort, preoperative planning with 3D reconstructions resulted in shorter operative durations, fewer intraoperative anatomical corrections, and greater alignment with planned incision paths. Surgeons also reported higher satisfaction levels and decision-making confidence when using 3D models. These results demonstrate that 3D imaging supports both cognitive and procedural competencies in medical training and practice. While challenges such as cost and accessibility remain, the findings provide strong evidence that integrating 3D technologies into anatomy curricula and surgical workflows can enhance educational outcomes and operative precision. This study highlights the need for further longitudinal research and institutional investment to optimize the deployment of 3D imaging as a standard adjunct in anatomy education and clinical care.