Unveiling The Hidden Epidemic: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Among Substance Users

Background: Hepatitis B remains a major public health concern, especially among high-risk populations such as substance users. Objective: This study aims to explore the prevalence and risk factors associated with Hepatitis B among substance users in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2023 across three rehabilitation centers in Dhaka, involving 150 participants. Data on demographic characteristics, substance use patterns, modes of drug administration, needle-sharing practices, and engagement in unprotected sexual activity were collected through structured interviews and clinical tests for Hepatitis B. Statistical analyses were performed to assess associations between these risk factors and Hepatitis B prevalence. Results: The study found that 16.7% (n=25) of participants tested positive for Hepatitis B. Cannabis (40.0%) and Yaba (33.3%) were the most commonly used drugs, with 50.0% of participants using a combination of 2-3 substances. Needle sharing was reported by 40.0% of participants, and 68.7% engaged in unprotected sexual activity. Needle sharing (p = 0.004), intravenous drug use (p = 0.007), and unprotected sexual activity (p = 0.018) were significantly associated with Hepatitis B infection. Conclusion: The findings underscore the critical role of high-risk behaviors such as needle sharing, intravenous drug use, and unprotected sex in the transmission of Hepatitis B among substance users. Efforts to mitigate these risks, including harm reduction strategies and public health interventions, are urgently needed to curb the spread of Hepatitis B in this vulnerable population.