Investigation of Marangoni Convective Flow of Hybrid Nanofluids in DarcyForchheimer Porous Medium

In this study we performed a comprehensive numerical investigation of the Marangoni convective flow through a Darcy-Forchheimer porous matrix in nanofluids and their hybrid equivalents - hybrid nanofluids. Convection occurred predominantly at the liquid-air interface within the porous structure. The governing equations were numerically solved using a finite difference approach, Python was used to obtain the solutions of the differential equations. In this paper, we discuss different important key parameters that qualitatively and quantitatively impact flow and heat transfer properties, respectively. We focused on the effects of porosity and thermocapillarity. The present investigation studied the Marangoni convection in (hybrid) nanofluids of manganese zinc ferrite (MnZnFe2O4) and nickel zinc ferrite (NiZnFe2O4) with water (H2O) as a base fluid. Furthermore, the effects of the parameters involved in the Darcy- Forchheimer model on the convective flow, temperature and concentration characteristics are discussed and analyzed methodically. We elucidate the specific results and awareness of areas to improve in thermal management systems, providing useful information with a high potential for the future development of applications in engineering disciplines crucially impacted by heat transfer performance.