Torque Removal Test as a Diagnostic Tool for Implant Osseointegration and Surface Coating Efficacy

Background: The incorporation of Strontium Titanate (SrTiO3) nanoparticles onto implant surfaces presents a promising advancement in the field of implantable devices, potentially enhancing both stability and longevity. Aims: The aim of the study is to investigate how Strontium Titanate (SrTiO3) nanoparticles enhance osseointegration and bone formation on implant surfaces, and to optimize their application for improved implant performance. Materials and methods: screws made from commercially pure titanium were fabricated and coated using dip coating method and sterilized. The screws were then implanted into the tibia bone of twenty male rabbits. A torque removal test was then conducted using a digital torque meter by inserting the screwdriver into the implant head's slit to measure the peak torque needed to remove the implant. Statistical analysis involved the use of independent t test at p < 0.05. Results: SrTiO3 nanoparticles have demonstrated significant potential to improve osseointegration and stimulate bone formation. Physically, these nanoparticles increase the roughness of the surface area of implants, which can enhance the initial mechanical interlocking with surrounding bone tissue. Conclusions: The interaction between SrTiO3 nanoparticles and biological systems involves complex pathways, including the modulation of cellular responses and the release of bioactive ions that can affect bone regeneration. These effects are critical for improving the performance of implants, as enhanced osseointegration leads to greater implant stability and reduced risk of implant failure.