Genomic Research on Key Loci for Cotton Disease and Insect Resistance

Cotton production is often threatened by various pests and diseases, resulting in significant yield losses and quality degradation. With the advent of advanced genomic technologies, resistance breeding has entered a new era of precision and efficiency. This study comprehensively analyzed the major cotton pathogens and pests and evaluated their combined effects on crop yield. We further detailed the genomic tools used to identify resistance loci, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), transcriptomics, and pan-genomic approaches. Special emphasis was placed on key loci such as NB-LRR genes, Bt transgenic loci, and other metabolism- and signaling-related genes that contribute to resistance enhancement. This study also discussed functional validation strategies such as gene silencing, CRISPR/Cas-based editing, and marker-assisted selection in conjunction with practical applications. Through a case study on the field application of resistance loci, the successes and challenges of translating genomic discoveries into commercial cotton varieties were highlighted. Despite progress, the continued evolution of pests and pathogens, coupled with regulatory and technical challenges, necessitates continued innovation. This study highlights the importance of integrated genomics-driven strategies in ensuring sustainable cotton production and lays the foundation for future resistance breeding research.