Comparative Review of Gamma Ray Shielding Properties of Building and Metallic Materials Using Experimental and Theoretical Methods

The assessment in this review paper is founded on the synthesis of experimental and theoretical investigations, which methodically appraise the gamma-ray shielding capabilities of prevalent materials.These materials encompass lead (Pb), iron (Fe), concrete, cement, and clay.The evaluation of shielding performance involved the use of gamma sources Cs-137 and Co-60, along with critical metrics such as the half-value layer (HVL) and the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC).The findings demonstrate that lead exhibits superior attenuation properties compared to iron, while clay, cement, and concrete demonstrate significantly inferior attenuating capabilities.The use of composite shielding combinations, such as Pb + Fe and Pb + cement, has been demonstrated to enhance attenuation efficiency.The review underscores two notable aspects.Firstly, it highlights the pressing need for substance optimization in radiation protection applications, and secondly, it outlines the prospective benefits of composite shielding.