Platelet Derivatives in Oncology: Dual Role in Tissue Regeneration and Tumor Progression

Platelet Derivatives (PDs) are utilised in regenerative medicine due to their ability to support tissue repair by releasing bioactive molecules that possess pro-healing, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic properties. They are now being used in various surgical settings, including oncological procedures, where improving postoperative recovery and enhancing reconstructive outcomes are critical goals. In breast cancer surgery, PDs have been suggested as an adjunctive therapy to accelerate healing and reduce complications. However, the biological activities that promote regeneration may also interact with the tumour microenvironment, potentially influencing the progression of cancer. Mechanisms such as Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), immune modulation, and neovascularisation have been linked to some of the growth factors released by PDs. This review provides an overview of the regenerative properties of PDs and critically examines the current knowledge of their safety and implications in oncological contexts, with a particular focus on breast, bone, and brain cancers. A deeper understanding of their dual regenerative and pro-tumourigenic potential is essential to guide their clinical use in patients with a history of cancer.