Effect of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Psidium guajava on Some Reproductive and Other Physiologic Parameters of Male Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)

The effects of ethanol leaf extract of Psidium guajava on some reproductive and other physiologic parameters of male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) was investigated in this study. Eighteen male adult guinea pigs 10-13 weeks of age and weighing 350-500 g were randomly assigned to three groups designated A, B and C. Group A served as the control while groups B and C received 300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg respectively of P. guajava extract orally for 30 days. The reproductive hormones, sperm count, sperm motility,lipid profile and liver function tests were assayed using standard laboratory methods. A dose-dependent increase in reproductive hormones—luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone—was observed, with the highest levels recorded in the 500 mg/kg group. Treated animals equally showed significant improvements in epididymal and testicular sperm counts, while sperm motility remained unchanged. The extract favorably modulated lipid metabolism by reducing total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Liver function markers (ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin) were significantly reduced, and serum protein parameters (total protein, albumin, and globulin) increased. Histological analysis revealed preserved testicular architecture, increased seminiferous epithelial thickness, and higher Leydig cell concentration in the treatment groups. In conclusion, Psidium guajava leaf extract enhanced male reproductive function, improved lipid profile, and supported liver health. It is recommended that further studies be conducted to explore its long-term safety, efficacy, and potential application in human male fertility management.