A Prospective Comparative Study Of Three-Dimensional Versus Two- Dimensional Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy For Gall Stone Disease

Introduction: Gallstone disease (GSD) is very common in the general population and often leads to hospitalization.1 Compared to the conventional procedure, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) offers several benefits, including improved cosmetic outcomes, reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and an earlier return to normal activities.2 It is not only the cornerstone of the management of biliary disease and cholecystitis but is also one of the commonest operations in both elective and emergency surgery. Methods: After obtaining informed consent, this study was carried out at the Department of General Surgery and the Surgical Gastroenterology of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, from May 2022 to May 2023. Diagnosed cases of cholelithiasis who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Cholecystectomy was performed on one set of patients using a 3D laparoscopic camera system, whereas another group received a 2D laparoscopic camera system. Results: A total of 162 patients were enrolled and compared in two groups, consisting of 81 patients in each group. Total operating time ranged from 17 to 48 minutes, with a mean operating time of 27.23±6.45 in the 3D group. The depth perception in the 3D imaging system was excellent. Gall bladder perforation and bile spillage during surgery are less in the 3D imaging system 10(12.3%) vs 17(21%) cases in the 2D imaging system. Conclusions: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe with both 3D and 2D systems. The depth perception and image quality in the 3D camera system offer excellent views, and the duration of the procedure is significantly reduced with the application of the 3D camera system.