OPTIMIZING COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING IN ENGINEERING: A STUDY ON THE BEST-FIT METHODOLOGIES FOR TRANSVERSAL SKILLS

In modern education, addressing students' lack of motivation, attention deficits, and difficulties in connecting theoretical content with real-world applications is a growing challenge.Traditional lecture-based methodologies often result in passive learning, limiting opportunities for interaction and practical application.At the same time, the continuous exposure to digital technologies has affected students' ability to maintain focus in educational settings.This study proposes an integrated methodological approach combining active learning strategies, teamwork methodologies, and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to develop both specific and transversal competencies in Engineering courses.The methodologies implemented include Problem-Based Learning (PBL), cooperative learning, flipped classroom, gamification, and escape rooms, among others, while the ICT tools used encompass clickers, augmented and virtual reality, digital portfolios, and webquests.Additionally, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been incorporated to personalize learning experiences and optimize assessment processes.A structured implementation plan was designed across multiple undergraduate and master's degree courses, targeting competencies such as critical thinking, problem-solving, teamwork, autonomous learning, adaptability, sustainability, and digital skills.The evaluation combined quantitative (SEEQ) and qualitative methods (focus groups, student reflections) to assess students' perceptions, learning outcomes, and competency development.The results indicate that integrating active learning methodologies with ICT and AI significantly enhances student engagement and long-term knowledge retention.Based on the findings, the most suitable methodologies and ICT tools are proposed to effectively implement a broad range of transversal skills in the classroom, providing a holistic educational experience aligned with current academic and professional demands.