Evaluación de metodologías ergonómicas: Un análisis bibliométrico y comparativo

Ergonomics seeks to adapt work environments to prevent injuries and improve performance. However, the diversity of ergonomic methodologies makes their selection and optimal application difficult. This study compares different ergonomic approaches in order to optimize their use in various work contexts. An exploratory, descriptive approach with qualitative analysis was used. Inductive, analytical, and bibliographic methods were used to identify patterns and evaluate ergonomic techniques. The literature review was conducted in databases such as Semantic Scholar, PubMed, Scielo, and Scopus, complemented by a bibliometric analysis in VOSviewer. Methodologies were compared according to their effectiveness and applicability, and recommendations for their implementation were formulated. The bibliometric analysis identified REBA, RULA, and musculoskeletal questionnaires as the most widely used methodologies, especially in manufacturing, health, and agriculture. Eighty-five studies on ergonomic interventions were analyzed, highlighting those that integrated IMU sensors and 3D kinematic analysis, achieving improved posture and reduced musculoskeletal disorders. The effectiveness of the interventions depended on worker participation and the use of innovative technologies, while their sustainability was conditioned by organizational support. In conclusion, ergonomic methodologies have been effective in identifying postural risks and musculoskeletal disorders. However, the most successful interventions combine advanced technology and active worker participation, while their long-term impact depends on organizational commitment and adaptation to the work environment.