Obstacles and improvement strategies for urban resilience governance: A systematic literature review

This systematic literature review identifies key obstacles and improvement strategies for urban resilience governance. Urban resilience, essential for addressing environmental, social, and economic challenges, is hindered by governance frag-mentation, resource limitations, policy incoherence, social inequities, and technical constraints. The review highlights five primary obstacles: governance and policy fragmentation, financial and economic barriers, social and equity challenges, technical and infrastructure limitations, and environmental and climate uncertainties. To overcome these, the study proposes integrated strategies such as nature-based solutions (NbS), stakeholder collaboration, policy reforms, technological innovations, and community-centric approaches. The findings emphasize the need for holistic, adaptive, and participatory approaches to build resilient urban systems capable of navigating contemporary complexities.