The Influence of High-Normal Fasting Blood Glucose on Semen Quality, Embryonic Development, and Pregnancy Outcomes

High-normal male FBG is significantly associated with both impaired semen quality (particularly asthenozoospermia) and adverse IVF/ICSI outcomes, including increased biochemical pregnancy risk and reduced LBRs. These findings highlight the significance of assessing paternal metabolic health and suggest that FBG screening may serve as a valuable tool for optimizing IVF/ICSI strategies and improving reproductive success.