Ronow Castle in Trzciniec – interdisciplinary research on a medieval stronghold at the Czech-Lusatian borderland

The Ronow Castle in Trzciniec near Bogatynia, associated with the noble Ronovci family, served as a key political and military centre in the region from the 13th to the 15th century, yet it remains poorly studied in Polish scholarly literature. This article presents the results of interdisciplinary research conducted in 2022. The scope of the study included archival research, critical analysis of previous studies, and examination of architectural remains and landscape features. The research combined traditional historical methods with modern spatial documentation techniques (ground-based photogrammetry and airborne LiDAR scanning). The study led to the functional division of the castle complex into four zones: the outer ward, outer fortifications, bailey, and main castle. Evidence of the site’s multi-phase development was confirmed, including remnants of defensive walls, communication systems, and cellars. In addition, new architectural elements were identified, such as a two-storey building located in the uncellared part of the castle. The findings also allowed for the verification of some earlier hypotheses, particularly concerning the construction of the outer defences and the supposed existence of a transverse wall with a projecting tower beyond the bailey. However, the precise chronological stratification of the complex remains unresolved. The article highlights the need for further research, particularly through geophysical and archaeological methods, to achieve a more comprehensive reconstruction of the history and architecture of Ronow Castle.