Design strategies for achieving mono-material structures

Increasing demands for the multi-aspect efficiency of buildings lead to the growing complexity of their partitions. This results in the subdivision of these partitions into increasingly specialized layers and, consequently, in the creation of complex multi-material systems – challenging to execute, requiring advanced expertise, significant financial input and resources, and often marked by higher failure rates and faster degradation. An alternative lies in mono-material systems – architectural assemblies homogeneous in terms of the material used in construction. Their implementation may contribute to increased sustainability and technological inclusiveness, as well as foster the development of new aesthetics, aligning with the values promoted by the New European Bauhaus initiative. The study aimed to develop design strategies for creating mono-material partitions and, consequently, mono-material structures. The subject of the study focused on mono-material partitions identified in recently constructed European buildings, selected through a critical literature review. In an analysis based on case studies, desk research, and document examination, the base material of each partition was determined first. Then, the internal partition structures were identified by defining layer numbers, their types and functional roles within the partitions. Methods of using the base material that led to obtaining mono-materiality were also indicated. Finally, strategies for achieving mono-material structures were identified, systematized, and described using comparison and synthesis. The article demonstrates that these strategies are defined through functional operations on partition layers, encompassing three main actions: layer unification, layer bonding, and layer multiplication. Implementing strategies requires a shift in the approach to material use, either appropriate usage, strengthening or inducting new properties of this material. Each strategy includes three approaches: one relates to modifying the internal structure of the base material, the second to shaping the base material and the third to accumulating unmodified base material. These strategies and approaches are universally applicable, not limited to specific materials.