Mining industry networks influence the diffusion of innovations in the battery minerals sector

Abstract The shift toward decarbonisation in the transportation sector, primarily through the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), has significantly increased the demand for battery minerals such as lithium, nickel, and manganese. This, in turn, leads to the development of new mining operations and the expansion of existing ones. Recognising the reputational risks associated with the mining industry, and the supply risks associated with transnational multi-layered supply chains, EV manufacturers are intensifying their focus on sustainability-focused innovations and responsible sourcing. However, the industry dynamics of information flows driving the adoption of these innovations and their impact on the supply chain remain largely unexplored. This study aims to address this gap by analysing the diffusion of innovations within the global mining industry, particularly in the context of selected battery mineral supply chains. Employing network theory, we compiled datasets and constructed comprehensive networks of national and international mining industry associations and their affiliated companies. We focused on the top-producing countries for lithium, nickel, and manganese, utilising network-based diffusion algorithms to model the channels potentially available for the dissemination of innovations. Our findings reveal a pronounced transnational character in these networks, with notable isolations. The inclusion of international leadership organisations in the network analysis highlighted their potential role in facilitating faster information dissemination among transnational companies. These results provide critical insights into the mechanisms of innovation diffusion in mining supply chains and underscore the significance of industry associations in influencing sustainability practices. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the network dynamics that govern the adoption of sustainability innovations in the mining sector, offering a basis for further research.