Global Germplasm Flow of Pineapple (<i>Ananas comosus</i>) and Its Impact on Modern Cultivars

Pineapple ( Ananas comosus ), as the third largest tropical fruit in the world, relies on global exchange and sharing of germplasm resources for its industrial development. However, due to the main use of asexual reproduction, current cultivated varieties generally have problems such as narrow genetic basis, weak disease and stress resistance. This study systematically reviewed the origin, transmission pathways, and genetic diversity patterns of pineapple germplasm resources, with a focus on analyzing the potential value of wild relatives and local varieties in modern breeding. By combining molecular markers and genomic technology, the genetic structure and classification characteristics of the main cultivated populations were further revealed, and the practical application of SNP markers in germplasm identification and variety breeding was demonstrated through typical cases. Research suggests that promoting the rational utilization of global germplasm resources, integrating cutting-edge methods such as genome selection, gene editing, and low-temperature preservation, is the key to breaking through current breeding bottlenecks and enhancing variety adaptability. This study aims to establish a more stable international cooperation mechanism to achieve sustainable protection and efficient utilization of germplasm resources, laying the foundation for the long-term stable development of the pineapple industry.