Molecular Markers from Chloroplast Genomes in <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i>

The chloroplast genome is very helpful for understanding the genetics and evolution of Eucommia ulmoides  and can also provide many useful molecular markers. This study expounds the general structure, gene content and arrangement pattern of the chloroplast genome of Eucommia ulmoides , and analyzes several types of molecular markers extracted from the chloroplast genome. The development and application of these markers can be used to study genetic diversity, population structure and evolutionary relationships, and help protect genetic resources. This study also introduced the commonly used methods for chloroplast labeling analysis, discussed some technical difficulties, summarized the current research progress and new applications, and proposed some future research directions. This study aims to provide a scientific basis for a more comprehensive understanding of the chloroplast genome and molecular markers of Eucommia ulmoides .