Cannabidiol in the treatment of anxiety disorders: a narrative review

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent class of psychiatric illnesses worldwide and are frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated. Despite the efficacy of first-line treatments such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), many patients experience adverse effects or inadequate response. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid derived from Cannabis sativa, has emerged as a potential anxiolytic due to its multimodal pharmacological actions. This narrative review examines the neurobiological rationale, mechanisms of action, and current clinical evidence for CBD in anxiety disorders. While early findings-particularly in social anxiety disorder (SAD)-are promising, the literature remains limited and heterogeneous. Further large-scale trials are essential to determine efficacy, optimal dosing, and long-term safety.