Sustainable Aquaculture Practices for Milkfish (Chanos chanos): An Integrated Analysis of Environmental, Economic, and Policy Dimensions in Asia

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of sustainable milkfish aquaculture in Asia, focusing on the environmental, economic, and policy dimensions. The importance of milkfish farming, particularly in Southeast Asia, is examined in light of its contribution to food security, rural livelihoods, and the broader economy. The review highlights the need for integrated approaches that combine technological advancements, efficient resource management, and improved governance to ensure sustainability. Key trends, such as the adoption of Multitrophic Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (MRAS), integrated farming systems, and genetic improvements in hatchery technologies, are explored. These practices enhance water quality, reduce the environmental footprint, and promote long-term viability. Additionally, the role of policy frameworks, including regulatory measures, certification systems, and public-private partnerships, is emphasized as essential in supporting sustainable milkfish production. The review also identifies emerging challenges, such as the effects of climate change on water quality and production rates, the impact of waste management practices on ecosystems, and the need for better stakeholder participation and governance frameworks. The findings stress the importance of coordinated efforts across countries and sectors to achieve sustainable milkfish aquaculture. By bridging the environmental, economic, and policy aspects, this paper offers valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners aiming to advance sustainable practices in the aquaculture industry. Ultimately, it underscores the necessity of a holistic approach to address the multidimensional challenges faced by milkfish farming in Asia and ensure its sustainability for future generations. Keywords: Milkfish aquaculture, sustainability, environmental impacts, economic viability, policy frameworks, Southeast Asia, technological innovation, governance.