Research Progress of Brain Injury in Premature Infants

早产儿是指出生时胎龄小于37周的新生儿。早产儿脑损伤是指由围生期缺氧、感染、产伤等一种或多种因素导致早产儿脑细胞受到不可逆损害从而影响生长发育的一类疾病。随着新生儿监护水平的不断提高以及窒息复苏等措施的不断完善，早产儿病死率虽明显降低，但由感染、胎儿窘迫等众多危险因素所致的早产儿脑损伤患儿的数量却逐年上升，脑损伤仍为新生儿死亡的重要原因之一，且脑损伤会对早产儿的生长发育产生极大的影响。目前，早产儿脑损伤受到全世界广泛关注，且临床上迫切需要针对此类疾病的更加完善的预防措施及诊疗方案。因此，对于早产儿脑损伤发生的危险因素及其诊断和药物治疗或值得进一步研究。A preterm baby is a newborn born with a gestational age of less than 37 weeks. Brain injury in premature infants refers to a type of disease in which the brain cells of premature infants are irreversibly damaged by one or more factors, such as perinatal hypoxia, infection, and birth trauma, thus affecting growth and development. With the continuous improvement of neonatal monitoring level and asphyxia resuscitation measures, although the mortality rate of preterm infants has decreased significantly, the number of children with brain injury in preterm infants caused by many risk factors such as infection and fetal distress has increased year by year, and brain injury is still one of the important causes of neonatal death, and brain injury will have a great impact on the growth and development of preterm infants. At present, brain injury in premature infants has attracted widespread attention worldwide, and there is an urgent clinical need for more comprehensive preventive measures and diagnostic and treatment plans for such diseases. Therefore, the risk factors, diagnosis, and drug treatment of brain injury in premature infants are worthy of further study.