Photocatalytic CO ₂ Reduction: Conventional and Framework Materials for CO ₂ Capture and Conversion Into Value‐Added Chemicals/Fuel

CO 2 capture and conversion via photocatalytic CO 2 reduction has a vast potential to simultaneously extenuate energy shortages and climate change, facing the global populace. However, the crucial product selectivity of CO 2 reduction highly depends on several key factors, including the choice of reducing agents, photocatalysts and the reaction medium. Notably, gas‐phase systems of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction, CH 4 or CO, are poised as the major products when gaseous H 2 and water vapour are utilized as the reducing agents, compared to the formation of CH 3 OH, HCOOH or HCHO, resulting from the cost‐effective use of water in the liquid‐phase photocatalytic CO 2 reduction system. Additionally, modified photocatalysts have a higher rate of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction into commercially desirable value‐added products. Unlike conventional materials, framework materials exhibit a highly adjustable structure, surface area and controllable pore size distribution, which paves the way for the synthesis of materials with specific chemical functionalities and pore sizes for targeted applications. This review provides a comprehensive recount of how reaction conditions and modification of conventional and framework materials influence product selectivity and yield in capturing and converting CO 2 to value‐added products.