Blockchain implementation in supply chains: adoption barriers and transparency outcomes in Ogun State, Nigeria

The modern supply chain management now incorporates blockchain technology which delivers revolutionary developments for supply chain transparency effectiveness and tracking. This research examines the effects blockchain technology brings to supply chain systems especially for the Nigerian market. The researchers conducted a mixed-method survey study with 150 supply chain professionals from Ogun State. Functions and providers have recognized blockchain applications as substantial potential for procurement and logistics management and inventory management but have not fully implemented them yet. A majority of survey respondents removed traceability (65.3%) and transparency (75.3%) as positive outcomes that correspond with international studies. The surveyed professionals experience ongoing difficulties regarding expense of implementation (70%) and shortage of qualified personnel (80%). Technical combinations between blockchain technology and both IoT and AI systems show evidence of enhancing organizational operational capacities while strengthening system defenses. Survey participants predict blockchain adoption to develop within the upcoming 2-3 years by 34.7%. The findings suggest that blockchain adoption will speed up through proper regulatory guidelines and specific training programs as well as accessible implementation procedures. The research contributes toward revealing blockchain adoption drivers and barriers and provides Nigerian industries with practical advice and specifies future research directions. Developing economies can use blockchain as their principal supply chain transformation framework when they fix present obstacles and match international technological developments.