Frequency of Maternal and Perinatal Outcome of Repeat Cesarean Section

Background: Repeat cesarean section is a common obstetric practice globally, often chosen due to concerns over uterine rupture and other complications associated with vaginal birth after cesarean. While it can prevent certain risks, repeat CS also introduces potential maternal and neonatal complications such as postpartum hemorrhage, puerperal sepsis, birth asphyxia, and NICU admissions. Objective: To determine the frequency of maternal and perinatal outcome of repeat cesarean section at Mardan Medical Complex Mardan. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Duration and Place of Study: The study was conducted from February to August 2024 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan. Methodology: A total of 168 women aged 18–40 years undergoing elective repeat lower segment cesarean section at term (37–41 weeks) were included. Maternal outcomes (postpartum hemorrhage, puerperal sepsis) and perinatal outcomes (birth asphyxia, neonatal death, NICU admission, low birth weight) were recorded. Results: The mean age of participants was 29.98 ± 3.49 years. Postpartum hemorrhage occurred in 10.7% of cases, puerperal sepsis in 6.0%, birth asphyxia in 14.9%, neonatal deaths in 5.4%, NICU admissions in 29.8%, and low birth weight in 8.3%. Conclusion: Repeat cesarean section is associated with significant maternal and perinatal complications, with demographic factors playing a critical role in outcome variation.